少有人走的路

软件设计的几大原则总结（一篇汇总勇哥全部相关文章）

Fri, 17 Apr 2026 14:04:19 +0800

面向对象软件设计原则，共七种

--------------------------------------

里氏替换原则

L：里氏替换原则（Liskov substitution principle）
继承必须确保父类所拥有的性质在子类中仍然成立。
子类可以扩展父类的功能，但不能改变父类原有的行为预期。

开闭原则

O：开闭原则（open-closed principle）
软件实体应当对扩展开放，对修改关闭。
即在设计一个模块的时候，应当使这个模块可以在不被修改的前提下被扩展。

接口隔离原则

I：接口隔离原则（Interface segregation principle）
使用多个专门的接口，而不使用单一的总接口，客户端不应该依赖它不需要的接口。

迪米特法则

迪米特法则（Law of Demeter，LoD）或最少知道原则（Least Knowledge Principle，LKP）：
一个对象应当对其他对象保持最少的了解，降低类之间的耦合度。
另一种表达：只与直接的朋友通信（当前对象本身、方法参数、方法创建的对象、组件对象）。

单一职责原则

S：单一职责原则（single-responsibility principle）
一个类或者模块只负责完成一个职责（或者功能），
避免一个类负责多个功能领域，提高类的可读性、可维护性、可扩展性。

依赖倒置原则

D：依赖倒置原则（Dependency inversion principle）
高层模块不应依赖于低层模块，两者应该依赖于抽象。
抽象不不应该依赖于实现，实现应该依赖于抽象。
要依赖于抽象，不要依赖于具体。
实现类之间的依赖通过抽象（接口或抽象类）进行，避免类之间的高耦合。

合成利用原则

合成复用原则（Composite Reuse Principle，CRP）：
尽量使用对象组合/聚合，而不是继承关系达到软件复用的目的。
继承会破坏封装、增加耦合，而组合 / 聚合是 “has-a” 关系，更灵活，也更符合开闭原则

表格：七大原则的核心目标总结

原则	核心目标	关键作用
单一职责（S）	高内聚	让类 / 模块只做一件事，降低复杂度
开闭原则（O）	可扩展	对扩展开放、对修改关闭，减少改代码的风险
里氏替换（L）	继承安全	子类可以无缝替换父类，不破坏程序逻辑
接口隔离（I）	接口精简	避免依赖不需要的接口，减少冗余耦合
依赖倒置（D）	解耦依赖	依赖抽象而非具体实现，提升扩展性
迪米特法则（LoD）	低耦合	类只和 “朋友” 交流，不依赖不相关的对象
合成复用（CRP）	复用灵活	优先用组合 / 聚合，而不是继承实现复用

软件UI设计原则：

--------------------------------------

尼尔森十大原则

（1）系统可见性原则（Visibility of system status）

保持界面的状态可见，变化可见，内容可见。让用户知道发生了什么，在适当的时间内做出适当的反馈。

比如用户在网页上的任何操作，不论是单击、滚动还是按下键盘，页面应即时给出反馈。

（2）贴近场景原则（Match between system and the real world）

用用户的语言，用词，短语和用户熟悉的概念，而不是系统术语。功能操作符合用户的使用场景。

（3）可控性原则（User control and freedom）

用户经常错误地选择系统功能而且需要明确标识离开这个的“出口”。比如支持撤销和重做的功能。

（4）一致性和标准化原则（Consistency and standards）

遵循平台的惯例。也就是，同一用语、功能、操作保持一致。

（5）防错原则（Error prevention）

更用心的设计防止这类问题发生，在用户可能犯错时进行提醒，比如删除可能造成的后果。

（6）协助记忆原则（Recognition rather than recall）

尽量减少用户对操作目标的记忆负荷，动作和选项都应该是可见的。

用户不必记住一个页面到另一个页面的信息。系统的使用说明应该是可见的或者是容易获取的。

（7）灵活高效原则（Flexibility and efficiency of use）

允许用户进行频繁的操作。更加便捷灵活的代码和反馈.

（8）审美和简约设计原则（Aesthetic and minimalist design）

不应该包含无关紧要的信息。

（9）容错原则（Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors ）

错误信息应该用语言表达（不要用代码），较准确地反应问题所在，

并且提出一个建设性的解决方案。比如404。

（10）人性化帮助原则（Help and documentation）

有必要提供帮助和文档。任何信息应容易去搜索，专注于用户的任务，

列出具体的步骤来进行。帮助性提示最好的方式是：

1、无需提示；2、一次性提示；3、常驻提示；4；帮助文档。

nx mcd中怎么把两个独立的配置体并成整体可以进行位置控制？

Fri, 27 Mar 2026 10:03:45 +0800

如下图所示的“zzjs-01-08 仓储站*3" 和 "model7 x 6" 两个零件。

前者就是那个载盘，后者就是上面的6个小方块。

6个小方块勇哥是用来当做物料感应器用的。（它们是后期画出来的模型，使用装配-->新建组件独立出来的零件）

这个时候，你是不是特别希望两个零件在做位置控制时能一起动，而不是分家了？

其实这个问题很简单，找到“zzjs-01-08 仓储站*3”（那个载盘）这个零件，双击它的刚体名字，弹出来的刚体设置面板中，把那6个小方块添加进来就可以了。

接下来位置控制，就可以整体一起动了。

之前勇哥是在想，能不能把两个零件变成一个，他们是同一个零件的不同独立的部分？

其实这样也可以的，好像有一个功能叫“WAVE 几何链接器”。

这个我没试过，这样就从零件层面上变成同一个了。

而通过添加更多的对象为同一个刚体，简单好用，直接解决了问题。

Avalonia学习（十二）菜单与工具条

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 11:47:29 +0800

菜单与工具条

MainWindowViewModel.cs

using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.ComponentModel;
using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.Input;

namespace _12_MenuToolbar.ViewModels;

public partial class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
{
    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _statusMessage = "就绪";

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _currentFile = "未保存";

    [ObservableProperty]
    private bool _isBold;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private bool _isItalic;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private bool _isUnderline;

    [RelayCommand]
    private void NewFile()
    {
        CurrentFile = "未命名.txt";
        StatusMessage = "新建文件";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void OpenFile()
    {
        StatusMessage = "打开文件对话框";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void SaveFile()
    {
        StatusMessage = $"保存文件: {CurrentFile}";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void Exit()
    {
        StatusMessage = "退出应用程序";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void Undo()
    {
        StatusMessage = "撤销";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void Redo()
    {
        StatusMessage = "重做";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void Cut()
    {
        StatusMessage = "剪切";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void Copy()
    {
        StatusMessage = "复制";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void Paste()
    {
        StatusMessage = "粘贴";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void About()
    {
        StatusMessage = "关于 - 菜单和工具栏演示 v1.0";
    }
}

App.axaml

<Application xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             x:Class="_12_MenuToolbar.App">
    <!-- 应用样式 -->
    <Application.Styles>
        <FluentTheme  /> <!-- Light=亮色 / Dark=暗色 -->
    </Application.Styles>

    <!-- 启动窗口配置 -->
    <Application.Styles>
    </Application.Styles>
</Application>

MainWindow.axaml

<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:_12_MenuToolbar.ViewModels"
        x:Class="_12_MenuToolbar.MainWindow"
        Title="Menu and Toolbar - 菜单和工具栏演示"
        Width="600"
        Height="500"
        x:DataType="vm:MainWindowViewModel">

  <Window.DataContext>
    <vm:MainWindowViewModel/>
  </Window.DataContext>

  <DockPanel> 
    <!-- 顶部菜单 -->
    <Menu DockPanel.Dock="Top">
      <MenuItem Header="_文件">
        <MenuItem Header="_新建" Command="{Binding NewFileCommand}" InputGesture="Ctrl+N">
          <MenuItem.Icon>
            <PathIcon Data="M14,2H6A2,2 0 0,0 4,4V20A2,2 0 0,0 6,22H18A2,2 0 0,0 20,20V8L14,2M18,20H6V4H13V9H18V20Z" Width="16" Height="16"/>
          </MenuItem.Icon>
        </MenuItem>
        <MenuItem Header="_打开" Command="{Binding OpenFileCommand}" InputGesture="Ctrl+O">
          <MenuItem.Icon>
            <PathIcon Data="M19,20H4C2.89,20 2,19.1 2,18V6C2,4.89 2.89,4 4,4H10L12,6H19A2,2 0 0,1 21,8H21L4,8V18L6.14,10H23.21L20.93,18.5C20.7,19.37 19.92,20 19,20Z" Width="16" Height="16"/>
          </MenuItem.Icon>
        </MenuItem>
        <MenuItem Header="_保存" Command="{Binding SaveFileCommand}" InputGesture="Ctrl+S">
          <MenuItem.Icon>
            <PathIcon Data="M15,9H5V5H15M12,19A3,3 0 0,1 9,16A3,3 0 0,1 12,13A3,3 0 0,1 15,16A3,3 0 0,1 12,19M17,3H5C3.89,3 3,3.9 3,5V19A2,2 0 0,0 5,21H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,19V7L17,3Z" Width="16" Height="16"/>
          </MenuItem.Icon>
        </MenuItem>
        <Separator/>
        <MenuItem Header="退出(_X)" Command="{Binding ExitCommand}" InputGesture="Alt+F4"/>
      </MenuItem>

      <MenuItem Header="_编辑">
        <MenuItem Header="_撤销" Command="{Binding UndoCommand}" InputGesture="Ctrl+Z">
          <MenuItem.Icon>
            <PathIcon Data="M12.5,8C9.85,8 7.45,9 5.6,10.6L2,7V16H11L7.38,12.38C8.77,11.22 10.54,10.5 12.5,10.5C16.04,10.5 19.05,12.81 20.1,16L22.47,15.22C21.08,11.03 17.15,8 12.5,8Z" Width="16" Height="16"/>
          </MenuItem.Icon>
        </MenuItem>
        <MenuItem Header="_重做" Command="{Binding RedoCommand}" InputGesture="Ctrl+Y">
          <MenuItem.Icon>
            <PathIcon Data="M18.4,10.6C16.55,9 14.15,8 11.5,8C6.85,8 2.92,11.03 1.54,15.22L3.9,16C4.95,12.81 7.95,10.5 11.5,10.5C13.45,10.5 15.23,11.22 16.62,12.38L13,16H22V7L18.4,10.6Z" Width="16" Height="16"/>
          </MenuItem.Icon>
        </MenuItem>
        <Separator/>
        <MenuItem Header="剪切(_T)" Command="{Binding CutCommand}" InputGesture="Ctrl+X">
          <MenuItem.Icon>
            <PathIcon Data="M9,9V4.5L18.5,12L9,19.5V15H6V9M6,2L12,8L6,14V11H4V7H6V2Z" Width="16" Height="16"/>
          </MenuItem.Icon>
        </MenuItem>
        <MenuItem Header="_复制" Command="{Binding CopyCommand}" InputGesture="Ctrl+C">
          <MenuItem.Icon>
            <PathIcon Data="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z" Width="16" Height="16"/>
          </MenuItem.Icon>
        </MenuItem>
        <MenuItem Header="_粘贴" Command="{Binding PasteCommand}" InputGesture="Ctrl+V">
          <MenuItem.Icon>
            <PathIcon Data="M19,20H5V4H7V7H17V4H19M12,2A1,1 0 0,1 13,3A1,1 0 0,1 12,4A1,1 0 0,1 11,3A1,1 0 0,1 12,2M19,2H14.82C14.4,0.84 13.3,0 12,0C10.7,0 9.6,0.84 9.18,2H5A2,2 0 0,0 3,4V20A2,2 0 0,0 5,22H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,20V4A2,2 0 0,0 19,2Z" Width="16" Height="16"/>
          </MenuItem.Icon>
        </MenuItem>
      </MenuItem>

      <MenuItem Header="_格式"> 
        <!-- 用标准 MenuItem + IsCheckable 实现可勾选，无需额外命名空间 -->
        <MenuItem Header="_加粗"   IsChecked="{Binding IsBold}"/>
        <MenuItem Header="_斜体"   IsChecked="{Binding IsItalic}"/>
        <MenuItem Header="_下划线"   IsChecked="{Binding IsUnderline}"/>
      </MenuItem>

      <MenuItem Header="_帮助">
        <MenuItem Header="_关于" Command="{Binding AboutCommand}">
          <MenuItem.Icon>
            <PathIcon Data="M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20,12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z" Width="16" Height="16"/>
          </MenuItem.Icon>
        </MenuItem>
      </MenuItem>
    </Menu>
        
<!-- 替换原来的 <ToolBar ...> ... </ToolBar> 为这个 -->
<DockPanel DockPanel.Dock="Top" 
           Background="#F5F5F5" 
          
           MinHeight="36">
    
    <Button Command="{Binding NewFileCommand}" ToolTip.Tip="新建 (Ctrl+N)" Margin="2">
        <PathIcon Data="M14,2H6A2,2 0 0,0 4,4V20A2,2 0 0,0 6,22H18A2,2 0 0,0 20,20V8L14,2M18,20H6V4H13V9H18V20Z" Width="18" Height="18"/>
    </Button>
    
    <Button Command="{Binding OpenFileCommand}" ToolTip.Tip="打开 (Ctrl+O)" Margin="2">
        <PathIcon Data="M19,20H4C2.89,20 2,19.1 2,18V6C2,4.89 2.89,4 4,4H10L12,6H19A2,2 0 0,1 21,8H21L4,8V18L6.14,10H23.21L20.93,18.5C20.7,19.37 19.92,20 19,20Z" Width="18" Height="18"/>
    </Button>
    
    <Button Command="{Binding SaveFileCommand}" ToolTip.Tip="保存 (Ctrl+S)" Margin="2">
        <PathIcon Data="M15,9H5V5H15M12,19A3,3 0 0,1 9,16A3,3 0 0,1 12,13A3,3 0 0,1 15,16A3,3 0 0,1 12,19M17,3H5C3.89,3 3,3.9 3,5V19A2,2 0 0,0 5,21H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,19V7L17,3Z" Width="18" Height="18"/>
    </Button>

    <!-- 分隔线 -->
    <Border Width="1" Margin="4,2" Background="#D0D0D0"/>

    <Button Command="{Binding UndoCommand}" ToolTip.Tip="撤销 (Ctrl+Z)" Margin="2">
        <PathIcon Data="M12.5,8C9.85,8 7.45,9 5.6,10.6L2,7V16H11L7.38,12.38C8.77,11.22 10.54,10.5 12.5,10.5C16.04,10.5 19.05,12.81 20.1,16L22.47,15.22C21.08,11.03 17.15,8 12.5,8Z" Width="18" Height="18"/>
    </Button>
    
    <Button Command="{Binding RedoCommand}" ToolTip.Tip="重做 (Ctrl+Y)" Margin="2">
        <PathIcon Data="M18.4,10.6C16.55,9 14.15,8 11.5,8C6.85,8 2.92,11.03 1.54,15.22L3.9,16C4.95,12.81 7.95,10.5 11.5,10.5C13.45,10.5 15.23,11.22 16.62,12.38L13,16H22V7L18.4,10.6Z" Width="18" Height="18"/>
    </Button>

    <!-- 分隔线 -->
    <Border Width="1" Margin="4,2" Background="#D0D0D0"/>

    <ToggleButton IsChecked="{Binding IsBold}" ToolTip.Tip="加粗" Margin="2" Width="30">
        <TextBlock Text="B" FontWeight="Bold"/>
    </ToggleButton>
    
    <ToggleButton IsChecked="{Binding IsItalic}" ToolTip.Tip="斜体" Margin="2" Width="30">
        <TextBlock Text="I" FontStyle="Italic"/>
    </ToggleButton>
    
    <ToggleButton IsChecked="{Binding IsUnderline}" ToolTip.Tip="下划线" Margin="2" Width="30">
        <TextBlock Text="U" TextDecorations="Underline"/>
    </ToggleButton>
</DockPanel>
       
    <!-- 状态栏（用 DockPanel 实现，无兼容性问题） -->
    <DockPanel DockPanel.Dock="Bottom" Height="28" Background="#F0F0F0"  >
      <TextBlock DockPanel.Dock="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center" Text="{Binding StatusMessage}"/>
      <TextBlock DockPanel.Dock="Right" VerticalAlignment="Center" Text="{Binding CurrentFile, StringFormat='文件: {0}'}"/>
    </DockPanel>

    <!-- 主内容区 -->
    <Grid Margin="20">
      <Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
      </Grid.RowDefinitions>

      <Border Grid.Row="0" Background="#F5F5F5" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8" Margin="0,0,0,20">
        <StackPanel Spacing="10">
          <TextBlock Text="菜单和工具栏演示" FontSize="18" FontWeight="Bold"/>
          <TextBlock Text="尝试点击菜单项或工具栏按钮，下方的状态栏会显示操作信息"
                     TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
        </StackPanel>
      </Border>

      <Border Grid.Row="1" Background="White" Padding="15" BorderBrush="#E0E0E0" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="8">
        <StackPanel Spacing="15">
          <TextBlock Text="文本编辑区域" FontWeight="Bold"/>
          <TextBox AcceptsReturn="True"
                   TextWrapping="Wrap"
                   Height="150"
                   Watermark="在这里输入文本..."/>
          <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="10">
            <CheckBox IsChecked="{Binding IsBold}" Content="加粗"/>
            <CheckBox IsChecked="{Binding IsItalic}" Content="斜体"/>
            <CheckBox IsChecked="{Binding IsUnderline}" Content="下划线"/>
          </StackPanel>
        </StackPanel>
      </Border>
    </Grid>
  </DockPanel>
</Window>

效果：

Avalonia学习（十一）SVG图形显示

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 10:37:33 +0800

SVG图形显示

SVG资源：

heart.svg

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
  <path d="M20.84 4.61a5.5 5.5 0 0 0-7.78 0L12 5.67l-1.06-1.06a5.5 5.5 0 0 0-7.78 7.78l1.06 1.06L12 21.23l7.78-7.78 1.06-1.06a5.5 5.5 0 0 0 0-7.78z"></path>
</svg>

home.svg

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
  <path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>
  <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
</svg>

settings.svg

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
  <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="3"></circle>
  <path d="M19.4 15a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 .33 1.82l.06.06a2 2 0 0 1 0 2.83 2 2 0 0 1-2.83 0l-.06-.06a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.82-.33 1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1 1.51V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2 2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-.09A1.65 1.65 0 0 0 9 19.4a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.82.33l-.06.06a2 2 0 0 1-2.83 0 2 2 0 0 1 0-2.83l.06-.06a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 .33-1.82 1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.51-1H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2 2 2 0 0 1 2-2h.09A1.65 1.65 0 0 0 4.6 9a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-.33-1.82l-.06-.06a2 2 0 0 1 0-2.83 2 2 0 0 1 2.83 0l.06.06a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1.82.33H9a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1-1.51V3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2v.09a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1 1.51 1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1.82-.33l.06-.06a2 2 0 0 1 2.83 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 2.83l-.06.06a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-.33 1.82V9a1.65 1.65 0 0 0 1.51 1H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-.09a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-1.51 1z"></path>
</svg>

star.svg

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
  <polygon points="12 2 15.09 8.26 22 9.27 17 14.14 18.18 21.02 12 17.77 5.82 21.02 7 14.14 2 9.27 8.91 8.26 12 2"></polygon>
</svg>

user.svg

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
  <path d="M20 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H8a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path>
  <circle cx="12" cy="7" r="4"></circle>
</svg>

App.axaml

<Application 
    x:Class="_11_SVGGraphics.App"
    xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">

    <Application.Styles>
        <FluentTheme  />
    </Application.Styles>

</Application>

MainWindow.axaml

<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:svg="clr-namespace:Avalonia.Svg;assembly=Avalonia.Svg"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:_11_SVGGraphics"
        x:DataType="local:MainWindow"
        x:Class="_11_SVGGraphics.MainWindow" 
        Title="SVG演示（外置文件版）"
        Width="600" Height="550">

    <ScrollViewer>
        <StackPanel Margin="20" Spacing="25">

            <TextBlock Text="SVG 矢量图形演示（外置文件）" FontSize="20" FontWeight="Bold"/>

            <!-- ✅ 这里全部使用 外置SVG 文件，无任何内置代码 -->
            <Border Background="#F5F5F5" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
                <StackPanel Spacing="15">
                    <TextBlock Text="1. 加载外置 SVG 文件" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"/>

                    <WrapPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center" >
                        <svg:Svg Width="60" Height="60" Path="avares://11_SVGGraphics/Assets/home.svg"/>
                        <svg:Svg Width="60" Height="60" Path="avares://11_SVGGraphics/Assets/settings.svg"/>
                        <svg:Svg Width="60" Height="60" Path="avares://11_SVGGraphics/Assets/user.svg"/>
                        <svg:Svg Width="60" Height="60" Path="avares://11_SVGGraphics/Assets/star.svg"/>
                        <svg:Svg Width="60" Height="60" Path="avares://11_SVGGraphics/Assets/heart.svg"/>
                    </WrapPanel>

                    <TextBlock Text="提示：SVG 是矢量格式，放大缩小都不会失真"
                               FontSize="12"
                               Foreground="Gray"
                               HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
                </StackPanel>
            </Border>

            <Border Background="#F5F5F5" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
                <StackPanel Spacing="15">
                    <TextBlock Text="2. 路径绘制矢量图形（代码绘制）" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"/>

                    <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,*,*" RowDefinitions="Auto,Auto">
                        <Border Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="0" Background="White" Padding="10" Margin="5" CornerRadius="5">
                            <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center">
                                <PathIcon Data="{Binding Geometry1}" Width="50" Height="50" Foreground="#6200EE"/>
                                <TextBlock Text="圆形" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,5,0,0"/>
                            </StackPanel>
                        </Border>
                        <Border Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="0" Background="White" Padding="10" Margin="5" CornerRadius="5">
                            <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center">
                                <PathIcon Data="{Binding Geometry2}" Width="50" Height="50" Foreground="#03DAC6"/>
                                <TextBlock Text="方形" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,5,0,0"/>
                            </StackPanel>
                        </Border>
                        <Border Grid.Column="2" Grid.Row="0" Background="White" Padding="10" Margin="5" CornerRadius="5">
                            <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center">
                                <PathIcon Data="{Binding Geometry3}" Width="50" Height="50" Foreground="#CF6679"/>
                                <TextBlock Text="三角形" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,5,0,0"/>
                            </StackPanel>
                        </Border>
                        <Border Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="1" Background="White" Padding="10" Margin="5" CornerRadius="5">
                            <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center">
                                <PathIcon Data="{Binding Geometry4}" Width="50" Height="50" Foreground="#FF9800"/>
                                <TextBlock Text="星形" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,5,0,0"/>
                            </StackPanel>
                        </Border>
                        <Border Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="1" Background="White" Padding="10" Margin="5" CornerRadius="5">
                            <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center">
                                <PathIcon Data="{Binding Geometry5}" Width="50" Height="50" Foreground="#4CAF50"/>
                                <TextBlock Text="心形" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,5,0,0"/>
                            </StackPanel>
                        </Border>
                        <Border Grid.Column="2" Grid.Row="1" Background="White" Padding="10" Margin="5" CornerRadius="5">
                            <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment="Center">
                                <PathIcon Data="{Binding Geometry6}" Width="50" Height="50" Foreground="#2196F3"/>
                                <TextBlock Text="箭头" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Margin="0,5,0,0"/>
                            </StackPanel>
                        </Border>
                    </Grid>
                </StackPanel>
            </Border>

            <Border Background="#E3F2FD" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
                <StackPanel Spacing="10">
                    <TextBlock Text="学习要点" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#1565C0"/>
                    <TextBlock Text="- SVG 是基于 XML 的矢量图形格式，放大不失真" TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
                    <TextBlock Text="- Avalonia.Svg 加载外部 .svg 文件" TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
                    <TextBlock Text="- PathIcon 使用路径数据绘制矢量图形" TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
                    <TextBlock Text="- 适合图标、Logo、插画等需要缩放的场景" TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
                </StackPanel>
            </Border>

        </StackPanel>
    </ScrollViewer>
</Window>

MainWindow.axaml.cs

using Avalonia;
using Avalonia.Controls;
using Avalonia.Media;

namespace _11_SVGGraphics;

public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    // 提供 XAML 里绑定的矢量图形数据
    public Geometry Geometry1 { get; } = Geometry.Parse("M 25,0 A 25,25 0 0 1 50,25 A 25,25 0 0 1 0,25 A 25,25 0 0 1 25,0 Z");
    public Geometry Geometry2 { get; } = Geometry.Parse("M 0,0 H 50 V 50 H 0 Z");
    public Geometry Geometry3 { get; } = Geometry.Parse("M 25,0 L 50,50 L 0,50 Z");
    public Geometry Geometry4 { get; } = Geometry.Parse("M25 0L31.75 18.25L50 18.25L35.875 29.75L41.25 50L25 37.5L8.75 50L14.125 29.75L0 18.25L18.25 18.25Z");
    public Geometry Geometry5 { get; } = Geometry.Parse("M25 40C-16.67 15 40 -10 25 30C10 -10 66.67 15 25 40Z");
    public Geometry Geometry6 { get; } = Geometry.Parse("M 0,25 L 50,25 M 25,0 L 50,25 L 25,50");

    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        DataContext = this; // 关键：让绑定生效
    }
}

效果：

Avalonia学习（十）多语言

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 10:31:56 +0800

多语言

LocalizationService.cs

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;

namespace _10_Localization.Services;

public class LocalizationService
{
    private static LocalizationService? _instance;
    public static LocalizationService Instance => _instance ??= new LocalizationService();

    private string _currentLanguage = "zh-CN";
    public string CurrentLanguage => _currentLanguage;

    public event System.Action? LanguageChanged;

    private readonly Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>> _translations = new()
    {
        ["zh-CN"] = new Dictionary<string, string>
        {
            ["WelcomeText"] = "欢迎",
            ["WelcomeMessage"] = "欢迎使用多语言演示应用",
            ["UsernameLabel"] = "用户名",
            ["PasswordLabel"] = "密码",
            ["LoginButtonText"] = "登录",
            ["RegisterButtonText"] = "注册",
            ["LanguageLabel"] = "语言",
            ["SelectLanguageText"] = "选择语言",
            ["CurrentLanguageText"] = "当前语言：简体中文"
        },
        ["en-US"] = new Dictionary<string, string>
        {
            ["WelcomeText"] = "Welcome",
            ["WelcomeMessage"] = "Welcome to Localization Demo App",
            ["UsernameLabel"] = "Username",
            ["PasswordLabel"] = "Password",
            ["LoginButtonText"] = "Login",
            ["RegisterButtonText"] = "Register",
            ["LanguageLabel"] = "Language",
            ["SelectLanguageText"] = "Select Language",
            ["CurrentLanguageText"] = "Current Language: English"
        },
        ["ja-JP"] = new Dictionary<string, string>
        {
            ["WelcomeText"] = "ようこそ",
            ["WelcomeMessage"] = "多言語デモアプリへようこそ",
            ["UsernameLabel"] = "ユーザー名",
            ["PasswordLabel"] = "パスワード",
            ["LoginButtonText"] = "ログイン",
            ["RegisterButtonText"] = "登録",
            ["LanguageLabel"] = "言語",
            ["SelectLanguageText"] = "言語を選択",
            ["CurrentLanguageText"] = "現在の言語：日本語"
        }
    };

    public string[] AvailableLanguages => new[] { "zh-CN", "en-US", "ja-JP" };

    public string GetLanguageDisplayName(string code) => code switch
    {
        "zh-CN" => "简体中文",
        "en-US" => "English",
        "ja-JP" => "日本語",
        _ => code
    };

    public void SetLanguage(string languageCode)
    {
        if (_translations.ContainsKey(languageCode) && _currentLanguage != languageCode)
        {
            _currentLanguage = languageCode;
            LanguageChanged?.Invoke();
        }
    }

    public string this[string key]
    {
        get
        {
            if (_translations.TryGetValue(_currentLanguage, out var dict) && dict.TryGetValue(key, out var value))
                return value;
            return key;
        }
    }
}

MainWindowViewModel.cs

using _10_Localization.Services;
using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.ComponentModel;
using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.Input;

namespace _10_Localization.ViewModels;

public partial class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
{
    private readonly LocalizationService _loc = LocalizationService.Instance;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _welcomeText;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _welcomeMessage;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _usernameLabel;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _passwordLabel;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _loginButtonText;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _registerButtonText;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _languageLabel;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _selectLanguageText;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _currentLanguageText;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _selectedLanguage;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _statusMessage = "";

    public string[] AvailableLanguages => _loc.AvailableLanguages;

    public MainWindowViewModel()
    {
        SelectedLanguage = _loc.CurrentLanguage;
        UpdateAllTexts();
        _loc.LanguageChanged += UpdateAllTexts;
    }

    partial void OnSelectedLanguageChanged(string value)
    {
        if (value == null) return;
        _loc.SetLanguage(value);
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void Login()
    {
        StatusMessage = $"{LoginButtonText} 成功";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void Register()
    {
        StatusMessage = $"{RegisterButtonText} 成功";
    }

    private void UpdateAllTexts()
    {
        WelcomeText = _loc["WelcomeText"];
        WelcomeMessage = _loc["WelcomeMessage"];
        UsernameLabel = _loc["UsernameLabel"];
        PasswordLabel = _loc["PasswordLabel"];
        LoginButtonText = _loc["LoginButtonText"];
        RegisterButtonText = _loc["RegisterButtonText"];
        LanguageLabel = _loc["LanguageLabel"];
        SelectLanguageText = _loc["SelectLanguageText"];
        CurrentLanguageText = _loc["CurrentLanguageText"];
    }
}

App.axaml

<Application xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             x:Class="_10_Localization.App">

  <!-- 主题 -->
  <Application.Styles>
    <FluentTheme />
  </Application.Styles>

  <!-- 多语言资源字典 -->
  <Application.Resources>
    <ResourceDictionary>
      <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
        <!-- 在这里加载语言文件 -->
       
      </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
    </ResourceDictionary>
  </Application.Resources>

</Application>

MainWindow.axaml

<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:_10_Localization.ViewModels"
        x:Class="_10_Localization.MainWindow"
         x:DataType="vm:MainWindowViewModel"
        Title="Localization - 多语言切换演示"
        Width="450"
        Height="500">
  <Window.DataContext>
    <vm:MainWindowViewModel/>
  </Window.DataContext>

  <ScrollViewer>
    <StackPanel Margin="30" Spacing="20">

      <TextBlock Text="{Binding WelcomeText}"
                 FontSize="24"
                 FontWeight="Bold"
                 HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>

      <Border Background="#E3F2FD" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding WelcomeMessage}"
                   TextWrapping="Wrap"
                   HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
      </Border>

      <Border Background="#F5F5F5" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
        <StackPanel Spacing="15">
          <StackPanel Spacing="5">
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding UsernameLabel}"/>
            <TextBox Watermark="{Binding UsernameLabel}"/>
          </StackPanel>

          <StackPanel Spacing="5">
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding PasswordLabel}"/>
            <TextBox PasswordChar="*"
                     Watermark="{Binding PasswordLabel}"/>
          </StackPanel>

          <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="10" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
            <Button Content="{Binding LoginButtonText}"
                    Command="{Binding LoginCommand}"
                    Padding="20,8"/>
            <Button Content="{Binding RegisterButtonText}"
                    Command="{Binding RegisterCommand}"
                    Padding="20,8"/>
          </StackPanel>
        </StackPanel>
      </Border>

      <Border Background="#FFF3E0" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
        <StackPanel Spacing="10">
          <TextBlock Text="{Binding LanguageLabel}"
                     FontSize="16"
                     FontWeight="Bold"/>
          <TextBlock Text="{Binding SelectLanguageText}"/>
          <ComboBox ItemsSource="{Binding AvailableLanguages}"
                    SelectedItem="{Binding SelectedLanguage}"
                    Width="200"
                    HorizontalAlignment="Left">
            <ComboBox.ItemTemplate>
              <DataTemplate>
                <TextBlock>
                  <TextBlock.Text>
                    <MultiBinding StringFormat="{}{0}">
                      <Binding Path="."/>
                    </MultiBinding>
                  </TextBlock.Text>
                </TextBlock>
              </DataTemplate>
            </ComboBox.ItemTemplate>
          </ComboBox>
          <TextBlock Text="{Binding CurrentLanguageText}"
                     Foreground="#6200EE"/>
        </StackPanel>
      </Border>

      <TextBlock Text="{Binding StatusMessage}"
                 FontSize="14"
                 Foreground="#4CAF50"
                 HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>

      <Border Background="#E8F5E9" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
        <StackPanel Spacing="10">
          <TextBlock Text="学习要点" FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#1565C0"/>
          <TextBlock Text="- 使用 ResourceDictionary 定义多语言字符串"
                     TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
          <TextBlock Text="- 创建 LocalizationService 管理当前语言"
                     TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
          <TextBlock Text="- 语言切换后通过事件通知所有 UI 更新"
                     TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
          <TextBlock Text="- 可结合 ILSpy 或资源文件实现更完整方案"
                     TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
        </StackPanel>
      </Border>

    </StackPanel>
  </ScrollViewer>
</Window>

MainWindow.axaml.cs

using Avalonia.Controls;

namespace _10_Localization;

public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }
}

效果：

Avalonia学习（九）页面导航

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 10:22:38 +0800

页面导航

HomeViewModel.cs

namespace _09_Navigation.ViewModels;

public partial class HomeViewModel : ViewModelBase
{
    public override void OnNavigatedTo()
    {
        System.Console.WriteLine("Home page activated");
    }
}

MainWindowViewModel.cs

using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.ComponentModel;
using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.Input;

namespace _09_Navigation.ViewModels;

public partial class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
{
    [ObservableProperty]
    private ViewModelBase _currentPage = new HomeViewModel();

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _currentPageTitle = "首页";

    [RelayCommand]
    private void NavigateToHome()
    {
        CurrentPage.OnNavigatedFrom();
        CurrentPage = new HomeViewModel();
        CurrentPage.OnNavigatedTo();
        CurrentPageTitle = "首页";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void NavigateToSettings()
    {
        CurrentPage.OnNavigatedFrom();
        CurrentPage = new SettingsViewModel();
        CurrentPage.OnNavigatedFrom();
        CurrentPageTitle = "设置";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    private void NavigateToProfile()
    {
        CurrentPage.OnNavigatedFrom();
        CurrentPage = new ProfileViewModel();
        CurrentPage.OnNavigatedTo();
        CurrentPageTitle = "个人中心";
    }
}

ProfileViewModel.cs

namespace _09_Navigation.ViewModels;

public partial class ProfileViewModel : ViewModelBase
{
    public string Title => "个人中心";
    public string UserName { get; set; } = "张三";
    public string Email { get; set; } = "zhangsan@example.com";
}

SettingsViewModel.cs

namespace _09_Navigation.ViewModels;

public partial class SettingsViewModel : ViewModelBase
{
    public string Title => "设置页面";
}

ViewModelBase.cs

using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.ComponentModel;

namespace _09_Navigation.ViewModels;

public partial class ViewModelBase : ObservableObject
{
    public virtual void OnNavigatedTo() { }
    public virtual void OnNavigatedFrom() { }
}

HomeView.axaml

<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:_09_Navigation.ViewModels"
             x:Class="_09_Navigation.Views.HomeView"
             x:DataType="vm:HomeViewModel">
  <StackPanel Spacing="20" Margin="20">
    <TextBlock Text="欢迎来到首页" FontSize="24" FontWeight="Bold"/>
    <TextBlock Text="这是多页面导航示例的主页"/>
    <TextBlock Text="点击底部的导航按钮可以在不同页面之间切换"/>
    <Border Background="#E3F2FD" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
      <StackPanel Spacing="10">
        <TextBlock Text="功能特点：" FontWeight="Bold"/>
        <TextBlock Text="- 支持多个页面之间的导航"/>
        <TextBlock Text="- 每个页面有独立的 ViewModel"/>
        <TextBlock Text="- 页面切换时触发生命周期事件"/>
        <TextBlock Text="- 使用 MVVM 模式管理页面状态"/>
      </StackPanel>
    </Border>
  </StackPanel>
</UserControl>

ProfileView.axaml

<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:_09_Navigation.ViewModels"
             x:Class="_09_Navigation.Views.ProfileView"
             x:DataType="vm:ProfileViewModel">
  <StackPanel Spacing="20" Margin="20">
    <TextBlock Text="个人中心" FontSize="24" FontWeight="Bold"/>
    <Border Background="#E8F5E9" Padding="20" CornerRadius="8">
      <StackPanel Spacing="15" HorizontalAlignment="Center">
        <Border Width="80" Height="80" Background="#6200EE" CornerRadius="40">
          <TextBlock Text="张"
                     FontSize="32"
                     Foreground="White"
                     HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                     VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
        </Border>
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding UserName}"
                   FontSize="20"
                   FontWeight="Bold"
                   HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Email}"
                   FontSize="14"
                   Foreground="Gray"
                   HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
      </StackPanel>
    </Border>
    <Border Background="#F5F5F5" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
      <StackPanel Spacing="10">
        <TextBlock Text="账户信息"/>
        <TextBlock Text="注册时间：2024-01-15"/>
        <TextBlock Text="会员等级：VIP"/>
        <TextBlock Text="积分：1250"/>
      </StackPanel>
    </Border>
  </StackPanel>
</UserControl>

SettingsView.axaml

<UserControl xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:_09_Navigation.ViewModels"
             x:Class="_09_Navigation.Views.SettingsView"
             x:DataType="vm:SettingsViewModel">
  <StackPanel Spacing="20" Margin="20">
    <TextBlock Text="设置页面" FontSize="24" FontWeight="Bold"/>
    <Border Background="#FFF3E0" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
      <StackPanel Spacing="15">
        <StackPanel Spacing="5">
          <TextBlock Text="深色模式"/>
          <ToggleSwitch IsChecked="False"/>
        </StackPanel>
        <StackPanel Spacing="5">
          <TextBlock Text="通知"/>
          <ToggleSwitch IsChecked="True"/>
        </StackPanel>
        <StackPanel Spacing="5">
          <TextBlock Text="语言"/>
          <ComboBox SelectedIndex="0" Width="200">
            <ComboBoxItem>简体中文</ComboBoxItem>
            <ComboBoxItem>English</ComboBoxItem>
            <ComboBoxItem>日本語</ComboBoxItem>
          </ComboBox>
        </StackPanel>
      </StackPanel>
    </Border>
  </StackPanel>
</UserControl>

App.axaml

<Application xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             x:Class="_09_Navigation.App">
    <!-- 应用主题 -->
    <Application.Styles>
        <FluentTheme  /> <!-- Light=浅色 / Dark=深色 / 不写=跟随系统 -->
    </Application.Styles>
</Application>

MainWindow.axaml

<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:_09_Navigation.ViewModels"
        xmlns:views="clr-namespace:_09_Navigation.Views"
        x:Class="_09_Navigation.MainWindow"
          x:DataType="vm:MainWindowViewModel"
        Title="Navigation - 多页面导航示例"
        Width="500"
        Height="450">
  <Window.DataContext>
    <vm:MainWindowViewModel/>
  </Window.DataContext>

  <DockPanel>
    <Border DockPanel.Dock="Top"
            Background="#6200EE"
            Padding="15">
      <TextBlock Text="{Binding CurrentPageTitle}"
                 FontSize="18"
                 FontWeight="Bold"
                 Foreground="White"/>
    </Border>

    <Border DockPanel.Dock="Bottom"
            Background="#F5F5F5"
            Padding="10">
      <Grid ColumnDefinitions="*,*,*">
        <Button Grid.Column="0"
                Content="首页"
                Command="{Binding NavigateToHomeCommand}"
                HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
                Margin="5"/>
        <Button Grid.Column="1"
                Content="设置"
                Command="{Binding NavigateToSettingsCommand}"
                HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
                Margin="5"/>
        <Button Grid.Column="2"
                Content="我的"
                Command="{Binding NavigateToProfileCommand}"
                HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
                Margin="5"/>
      </Grid>
    </Border>

    <ContentControl Content="{Binding CurrentPage}">
      <ContentControl.DataTemplates>
        <DataTemplate DataType="vm:HomeViewModel">
          <views:HomeView/>
        </DataTemplate>
        <DataTemplate DataType="vm:SettingsViewModel">
          <views:SettingsView/>
        </DataTemplate>
        <DataTemplate DataType="vm:ProfileViewModel">
          <views:ProfileView/>
        </DataTemplate>
      </ContentControl.DataTemplates>
    </ContentControl>
  </DockPanel>
</Window>

效果：

Avalonia学习（八）样式

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 10:14:30 +0800

样式

App.axaml

<Application xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             x:Class="_08_Styles.App">

  <Application.Styles>
    <FluentTheme />
  </Application.Styles>

  <Application.Resources>
    <ResourceDictionary>
      <SolidColorBrush x:Key="PrimaryBrush" Color="#6200EE"/>
      <SolidColorBrush x:Key="SecondaryBrush" Color="#03DAC6"/>
      <SolidColorBrush x:Key="DangerBrush" Color="#CF6679"/>
      <SolidColorBrush x:Key="SuccessBrush" Color="#4CAF50"/>
    </ResourceDictionary>
  </Application.Resources>

</Application>

MainWindow.axaml

<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        x:Class="_08_Styles.MainWindow"
        Title="Styles - 样式和主题演示"
        Width="550"
        Height="550">

  <ScrollViewer>
    <StackPanel Margin="20" Spacing="25">

      <TextBlock Text="样式（Styles）和主题（Theme）演示" FontSize="20" FontWeight="Bold"/>

      <Border Background="#F5F5F5" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
        <StackPanel Spacing="15">
          <TextBlock Text="1. 全局样式资源（App.Resources）" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"/>

          <Button Content="使用 PrimaryBrush"
                  Background="{DynamicResource PrimaryBrush}"
                  Foreground="White"
                  Padding="20,10"/>

          <Button Content="使用 SuccessBrush"
                  Background="{DynamicResource SuccessBrush}"
                  Foreground="White"
                  Padding="20,10"/>
        </StackPanel>
      </Border>

      <Border Background="#F5F5F5" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
        <StackPanel Spacing="15">
          <TextBlock Text="2. 控件样式类（Button Classes）" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"/>

          <WrapPanel >
            <Button Content="Primary" Classes="Primary" Padding="15,8"/>
            <Button Content="Success" Classes="Success" Padding="15,8"/>
            <Button Content="Danger" Classes="Danger" Padding="15,8"/>
            <Button Content="Light" Classes="Light" Padding="15,8"/>
          </WrapPanel>

          <TextBlock Text="按钮支持多种样式类组合，如 Primary Success Danger Light"
                     FontSize="12" Foreground="Gray"/>
        </StackPanel>
      </Border>

      <Border Background="#F5F5F5" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
        <StackPanel Spacing="15">
          <TextBlock Text="3. 自定义按钮样式" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"/>

          <Button x:Name="CustomButton"
                  Content="自定义样式按钮"
                  Padding="25,12"/>

          <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="10">
            <Button x:Name="SetPrimaryBtn" Content="设为主色" Click="OnSetPrimary"/>
            <Button x:Name="SetSuccessBtn" Content="设为成功" Click="OnSetSuccess"/>
            <Button x:Name="SetDangerBtn" Content="设为危险" Click="OnSetDanger"/>
            <Button x:Name="ResetBtn" Content="重置" Click="OnReset"/>
          </StackPanel>
        </StackPanel>
      </Border>

      <Border Background="#F5F5F5" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
        <StackPanel Spacing="15">
          <TextBlock Text="4. 内置主题切换" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"/>

          <TextBlock Text="当前使用 FluentTheme，可在 App.axaml 中切换为 SimpleTheme"
                     TextWrapping="Wrap"/>

          <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="10">
            <TextBlock Text="主题示例：" VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
            <Border Background="#6200EE" Padding="10,5" CornerRadius="4">
              <TextBlock Text="Fluent" Foreground="White" FontSize="12"/>
            </Border>
          </StackPanel>
        </StackPanel>
      </Border>

      <Border Background="#E3F2FD" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
        <StackPanel Spacing="10">
          <TextBlock Text="学习要点" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold" Foreground="#1565C0"/>
          <TextBlock Text="- ResourceDictionary：定义全局可复用的资源（画刷、颜色等）"
                     TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
          <TextBlock Text="- 控件样式类（Classes）：为控件添加预定义的样式组合"
                     TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
          <TextBlock Text="- DynamicResource：引用动态资源，运行时可更改"
                     TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
          <TextBlock Text="- 主题：Avalonia 内置 FluentTheme 和 SimpleTheme 两种主题"
                     TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
        </StackPanel>
      </Border>

    </StackPanel>
  </ScrollViewer>
</Window>

MainWindow.axaml.cs

using Avalonia;
using Avalonia.Controls;
using Avalonia.Media;

namespace _08_Styles;

public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    private readonly SolidColorBrush _primaryBrush = new(Color.Parse("#6200EE"));
    private readonly SolidColorBrush _successBrush = new(Color.Parse("#4CAF50"));
    private readonly SolidColorBrush _dangerBrush = new(Color.Parse("#CF6679"));
    private readonly SolidColorBrush _defaultBrush;

    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        _defaultBrush = (SolidColorBrush)CustomButton.Background!;
    }

    private void OnSetPrimary(object? sender, Avalonia.Interactivity.RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        CustomButton.Background = _primaryBrush;
        CustomButton.Foreground = Brushes.White;
    }

    private void OnSetSuccess(object? sender, Avalonia.Interactivity.RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        CustomButton.Background = _successBrush;
        CustomButton.Foreground = Brushes.White;
    }

    private void OnSetDanger(object? sender, Avalonia.Interactivity.RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        CustomButton.Background = _dangerBrush;
        CustomButton.Foreground = Brushes.White;
    }

    private void OnReset(object? sender, Avalonia.Interactivity.RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        CustomButton.Background = _defaultBrush;
        CustomButton.Foreground = Brushes.Black;
    }
}

效果：

Avalonia学习（七）MVVM演示

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 10:07:59 +0800

MVVM演示

TodoItem.cs

namespace _07_MVVM.Models;

public class TodoItem
{
    public required string Title { get; set; }
    public bool IsCompleted { get; set; }
    public string Priority { get; set; } = "Normal";
}

MainWindowViewModel.cs

using _07_MVVM.Models;
using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.ComponentModel;
using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.Input;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Linq;

namespace _07_MVVM.ViewModels;

public partial class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
{
    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _newTodoTitle = "";

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _selectedPriority = "Normal";

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _statusMessage = "待办事项：0 项";

    public string[] Priorities { get; } = { "Low", "Normal", "High", "Urgent" };
    public ObservableCollection<TodoItem> TodoItems { get; } = new();

    public MainWindowViewModel()
    {
        TodoItems.Add(new TodoItem { Title = "学习 Avalonia", Priority = "High" });
        TodoItems.Add(new TodoItem { Title = "完成 MVVM 项目", Priority = "Normal" });
        UpdateStatus();
    }

    partial void OnNewTodoTitleChanged(string value)
    {
        StatusMessage = string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)
            ? $"待办：{TodoItems.Count} 项"
            : $"输入中：{value}";
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    void AddTodo()
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(NewTodoTitle)) return;

        TodoItems.Add(new TodoItem
        {
            Title = NewTodoTitle,
            Priority = SelectedPriority
        });
        NewTodoTitle = "";
        UpdateStatus();
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    void RemoveTodo(TodoItem? item)
    {
        if (item != null)
        {
            TodoItems.Remove(item);
            UpdateStatus();
        }
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    void ToggleCompleted(TodoItem? item)
    {
        if (item != null) item.IsCompleted = !item.IsCompleted;
    }

    void UpdateStatus()
    {
        int total = TodoItems.Count;
        int done = TodoItems.Count(x => x.IsCompleted);
        StatusMessage = $"总计：{total} 项 | 已完成：{done} 项";
    }
}

App.axaml

<Application xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             x:Class="_07_MVVM.App">

    <!-- 应用主题样式 -->
    <Application.Styles>
        <FluentTheme  /> <!-- Light=浅色 / Dark=深色 -->
    </Application.Styles>

</Application>

MainWindow.axaml

<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
      
        xmlns:vm="using:_07_MVVM.ViewModels"
        xmlns:m="using:_07_MVVM.Models"
        x:Class="_07_MVVM.MainWindow"
        
        x:DataType="vm:MainWindowViewModel"
        Title="MVVM Pattern - 待办事项示例"
        Width="500"
        Height="500">

  <Window.DataContext>
    <vm:MainWindowViewModel/>
  </Window.DataContext>

  <DockPanel Margin="20">
    <StackPanel DockPanel.Dock="Top" Spacing="10" Margin="0,0,0,20">
      <TextBlock Text="待办事项管理" FontSize="20" FontWeight="Bold"/>

      <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="10">
        <TextBox Text="{Binding NewTodoTitle}"
                 Watermark="输入新待办..."
                 Width="250"/>
        <ComboBox ItemsSource="{Binding Priorities}"
                  SelectedItem="{Binding SelectedPriority}"
                  Width="100"/>
        <Button Content="添加"
                Command="{Binding AddTodoCommand}"
                Padding="15,5"/>
      </StackPanel>
    </StackPanel>

    <Border DockPanel.Dock="Bottom"
            Background="#F5F5F5"
            Padding="10"
            CornerRadius="5"
            Margin="0,10,0,0">
      <TextBlock Text="{Binding StatusMessage}"
                 HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
    </Border>

    <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding TodoItems}">
      <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
        <!-- ✅ 数据模板显式声明 DataType，绑定 TodoItem 模型 -->
        <DataTemplate x:DataType="m:TodoItem">
          <DockPanel>
            <Button DockPanel.Dock="Right"
                    Content="删除"
                  
                    Command="{Binding $parent[ListBox].DataContext.RemoveTodoCommand}"
                    CommandParameter="{Binding}"
                    Padding="10,2"
                    Classes="Light"/>

            <CheckBox IsChecked="{Binding IsCompleted}"
                      VerticalAlignment="Center">
              <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="10">
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Title}"
                           FontSize="14">
                  <TextBlock.TextDecorations>
                   
                  </TextBlock.TextDecorations>
                </TextBlock>
                <TextBlock Text="{Binding Priority, StringFormat='[{0}]'}"
                           Foreground="Gray"
                           FontSize="12"/>
              </StackPanel>
            </CheckBox>
          </DockPanel>
        </DataTemplate>
      </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
    </ListBox>
  </DockPanel>
</Window>

效果：

Avalonia学习（五）数据绑定

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 10:02:32 +0800

数据绑定

App.axaml

注意如果没有写<FluentTheme/>，则这些Fluent控件将没有效果，比如滑块控件成了一个Lable控件，只显示文字了。

<Application xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             x:Class="_05_DataBinding.App">
    <Application.Styles>
        <!-- 官方标准 Fluent 主题 -->
        <FluentTheme/>
    </Application.Styles>
</Application>

MainWindow.axaml

<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:_05_DataBinding"
        x:Class="_05_DataBinding.MainWindow"
        x:DataType="vm:MainWindowViewModel"
        Title="Data Binding - 数据绑定演示"
        Width="450"
        Height="450">
  <Window.DataContext>
    <vm:MainWindowViewModel/>
  </Window.DataContext>

  <ScrollViewer>
    <StackPanel Margin="30" Spacing="20">

      <TextBlock Text="数据绑定示例" FontSize="20" FontWeight="Bold"/>

      <Border Background="#F5F5F5" Padding="15" CornerRadius="8">
        <StackPanel Spacing="15">
          <StackPanel Spacing="5">
            <TextBlock Text="单向绑定（TextBox -> TextBlock）"/>
            <TextBox Text="{Binding UserName}" Watermark="输入用户名"/>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding UserName}" FontSize="16" Foreground="#6200EE"/>
          </StackPanel>

          <StackPanel Spacing="5">
            <TextBlock Text="数字绑定（NumericUpDown）"/>
            <NumericUpDown Value="{Binding Age}"
                           Minimum="0"
                           Maximum="150"
                           Increment="1"/>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Age, StringFormat='年龄：{0}岁'}"/>
          </StackPanel>

          <StackPanel Spacing="5">
            <TextBlock Text="滑块绑定（Slider）"/>
            <Slider Value="{Binding SliderValue}"
                    Minimum="0"
                    Maximum="100"/>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding SliderValue, StringFormat='值：{0:F1}'}"/>
          </StackPanel>

          <StackPanel Spacing="5">
            <TextBlock Text="状态消息"/>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding StatusMessage}"
                       Foreground="#4CAF50"
                       FontWeight="Bold"/>
          </StackPanel>
        </StackPanel>
      </Border>

    </StackPanel>
  </ScrollViewer>
</Window>

MainWindow.axaml.cs

using Avalonia.Controls;

namespace _05_DataBinding;

public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }
}

MainWindowViewModel.cs

这里使用了微软的CommunityToolkit mvvm框架，以绑定属性。

using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.ComponentModel;

namespace _05_DataBinding;

public partial class MainWindowViewModel : ObservableObject
{
    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _userName = "张三";

    [ObservableProperty]
    private int _age = 25;

    [ObservableProperty]
    private string _statusMessage = "准备就绪";

    [ObservableProperty]
    private double _sliderValue = 50;
}

效果：

Avalonia学习（六）ListBox演示

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 09:50:47 +0800

ListBox演示

MainWindow.axaml

<Window xmlns="https://github.com/avaloniaui"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:vm="clr-namespace:_06_ListBox"
        x:Class="_06_ListBox.MainWindow"
          x:DataType="vm:MainWindowViewModel"
        Title="ListBox - 列表控件演示"
        Width="500"
        Height="450">
  <Window.DataContext>
    <vm:MainWindowViewModel/>
  </Window.DataContext>

  <Grid Margin="20" ColumnDefinitions="*,*">
    <StackPanel Grid.Column="0" Margin="10" Spacing="20">
      <TextBlock Text="简单列表" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"/>
      <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Languages}"
               SelectedItem="{Binding SelectedLanguage}"
               Height="200"
               Width="180"/>
    </StackPanel>

    <StackPanel Grid.Column="1" Margin="10" Spacing="20">
      <TextBlock Text="颜色列表（自定义模板）" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"/>
      <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Colors}"
               SelectedItem="{Binding SelectedColor}"
               Height="200"
               Width="180">
        <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
          <DataTemplate>
            <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Spacing="10">
              <Border Width="30" Height="30"
                      Background="{Binding}"
                      CornerRadius="4"/>
              <TextBlock Text="{Binding}"
                         VerticalAlignment="Center"/>
            </StackPanel>
          </DataTemplate>
        </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
      </ListBox>
    </StackPanel>

    <StackPanel Grid.Column="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
                VerticalAlignment="Bottom"
                Margin="10"
                Spacing="5">
      <TextBlock Text="{Binding StatusText}"
                 FontSize="14"
                 Foreground="#6200EE"
                 HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
      <TextBlock Text="提示：在 ListBox 中选择项目，状态会随之更新"
                 FontSize="12"
                 Foreground="Gray"
                 HorizontalAlignment="Center"/>
    </StackPanel>
  </Grid>
</Window>

MainWindow.axaml.cs

using Avalonia.Controls;

namespace _06_ListBox
{
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    }
}

MainWindowViewModel.cs

using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace _06_ListBox
{
    public class MainWindowViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public ObservableCollection<string> Languages { get; set; }
        public ObservableCollection<string> Colors { get; set; }

        private string _selectedLanguage;
        public string SelectedLanguage
        {
            get => _selectedLanguage;
            set
            {
                _selectedLanguage = value;
                OnPropertyChanged();
                UpdateStatus();
            }
        }

        private string _selectedColor;
        public string SelectedColor
        {
            get => _selectedColor;
            set
            {
                _selectedColor = value;
                OnPropertyChanged();
                UpdateStatus();
            }
        }

        private string _statusText;
        public string StatusText
        {
            get => _statusText;
            set
            {
                _statusText = value;
                OnPropertyChanged();
            }
        }

        public MainWindowViewModel()
        {
            Languages = new ObservableCollection<string>
            {
                "C#", "Java", "Python", "C++", "JavaScript", "Go", "Rust"
            };

            Colors = new ObservableCollection<string>
            {
                "Red", "Green", "Blue", "Yellow", "Aqua", "Pink", "Orange"
            };

            StatusText = "请选择一个选项";
        }

        private void UpdateStatus()
        {
            var lang = SelectedLanguage ?? "未选择";
            var color = SelectedColor ?? "未选择";
            StatusText = $"已选语言：{lang} | 已选颜色：{color}";
        }

        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
        protected void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
        {
            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
        }
    }
}

效果：